Processing trees into lumber and logs

Forest is a group of living plants. Depending on the characteristics of the soil and the climate, green seedlings and natural forests emerge. Trees that are regularly and expensively grown by human hands and labor are called forests. Ornamental plants can be grown in cultural forests, as well as trees that can meet the needs of the industry.

Trees, which are the basic material of the Woodworking Industry, have been offered to the service of humanity for years, and have a wide area of ​​use, especially after technical and technological developments.

Tree Cutting Time

If the conditions are flexible, the sectioning of the tree should be done in the autumn and winter months. The reasons for this are listed below.

a) In the autumn and winter months, the dispersion of the tree and the free water are at the lowest level.

b) Trees that remain in the forest for a while after cutting are less affected by plant and animal pests.

c) In trees, during the cutting that is not exiled or at the time of falling, the damage to other trees and seedlings is at the lowest level.

d) Labor is cheap in the winter season and there are some transportation facilities such as waterways and sleds.

If it is necessary to start the cutting process and if it is done in the summer months, after the tree root is taken from the root to evaporate the nutrient water in the trunk, the branches and leaves should be cleaned for a while and then the logging process should be started. In the cutting works carried out in these seasons, great care should be taken and protection should be applied against cracking, fungus and pests.

There is no such danger for trees cut in the winter months. However, the cut projects should be removed from the cutting section by the end of April. Otherwise, with the awakening nature, the tree will be attacked by many pests and its value will decrease.

LOG SIZING

After the trees are knocked down to the root depth in accordance with the cutting technique, the branches and the parts that are swollen together are cleaned from the trunk and the bark is peeled off and the “round wood” is revealed.

Round wood cut perpendicular to the length break should be cleaned of branches, knots, swelling and rots in the trunk at the level of the trunk surface.

Another factor to consider in the logging process is the visible defects in the roundwood that appear after the branches are cleaned and the bark is peeled off.

In addition, logging should be done according to defects such as knots, curvature, ovality, and galls. The main goal is to obtain the least amount of timber.

PROTECTION

Protection and protection of logs Under improper storage conditions, defects such as insect attack, oxidation, alternation, blue color formation, emergence, freezing and separation of fibers due to pollution, and cracking occur in logs. In order to prevent these defects, logs should be wetted with a suitable sprinkler system or stored in water during long-term storage. Logs should not be watered in storage in water. Protective substances can be applied to the parts that can be taken together to prevent cracks and insect damage.

CUTTING OF TIMBER

Timber is a registered shaped profiled board obtained by cutting from a round log. Logs coming from forest depots to sawmills and workshops are cut according to their types and areas of use. These different methods have advantages and advantages. There are three types of cutting applied in lumber cutting.

1. Straight cut

2. Quarter cut

3. Split cut

These three-end cutting schemes are becoming widespread in flooring manufacturing factories according to the scope of their work. The extra time and skill spent in applications are reflected in their prices as a difference.

STRAIGHT CUT

They obtain “Straight cut” lumber by making a series of parallel cuts that combine in a log. This technical cutting line passes tangentially or parallel to the wood grain and age rings. A simple method in which the log is cut lengthwise slice by slice.

This wood cutting system provides excellent efficiency because the scrap that will come out is minimized, time is saved.

Unfortunately, straight cut has some critical crises. Plain sawn timber tends not to shrink and can do more transversely than half sawn timber, as a result of the examinations made, they prefer options that allow for the unchanging, possible sound in instruments such as guitar, basso, violin in plain cutting.

QUARTER CUT

Quarter cut timbers are obtained from large and wide trees. This method is applied in thin and young plants. Quarter cut consists of the log being formed into four pieces with 90-degree angles of the edge of the tree. Quarter cut timber has very strong and regular greens found in modern flooring used in any room. Quarter cut skirt yarn and skirt part form a half-cut product.

This cut has its advantages and benefits, of course; The product is brought together and is preferred by carpenters and furniture makers. The firing rate is the same as plain cutting. Due to the efficiency obtained thanks to quarter cutting, timbers are more suitable for other flat It is produced in much less quantity than cut and its probable cost is high. There are very few lumber producers who can make quarter cuts.

SPLIT CUT

Split cut lumber is used less than flat cut and half cut lumber. Split cut lumber is cut at 30-60 degree angles to the age rings.

Unfortunately, split cut is very costly due to the need for a lot of time and special skills, and there will be a lot of pieces, wedges and scraps in the edge cuts. This type of method is rarely used due to low efficiency.

STORAGE OF TIMBER

Wooden elements that are dried to the desired humidity levels but cannot be used immediately are kept in special areas free of insects, worms and fungi.

Wooden elements stored in open or closed areas are placed in a way that moisture from the soil and rain from the air are not taken. The tops of lumber stacks stored in the open air are covered with corrugated sheet metal or similar methods, and are placed in a way that prevents water flows from the bottom.

The stacks are placed on a grid in a way that they will not be touched, and organic residues such as bark analysis, brush, twigs, grass, etc. are cleaned. In order to prevent the wood from deteriorating, the stacks are demolished from time to time, the timbers inside are broken down and new stacks are made.

A suitable solution for storing timber stocks against rain, snow, sun and strong air currents is to store the stocks in dry, well-protected, closed butta ventilation systems.

The timbers stacked in the warehouses are stacked on top of each other, and slats are placed between them to allow air lines. In order to prevent the lowest pieces from touching the ground, the timbers are placed on rails or sturdy feet.

The warehouses where the timbers are stacked are free of humidity and good air circulation is provided. Otherwise, moisture builds up in the wood. In order to preserve the deteriorated and rotting timbers and to allow for the treatment of various harmful plants, the stocks are checked from time to time.